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/* footprint.H
   
Measures the number of references to unique (16B default) chunks of
memory. The references can be code, data loads or data stores.

The output includes such things as a count of unique chunks that were just
loaded, just stored, just code fetches, both loaded and stored to, both
loaded-from and code-fetched from, etc. 7 valid combinations of 3 bits.

Whenever a reference to a chunk occurs, I OR on a bit indicating load,
store or code fetch.

With a small tweak, I can count references to the chunks if one wants to
know where all the action is, from a chunk referencing perspective.

optimization opportunity: do all the code fetches for a basic block at one time.
 */
#include "pin.H"
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

const unsigned int  FOOTPRINT_LOAD=1;
const unsigned int  FOOTPRINT_STORE=2;
const unsigned int  FOOTPRINT_CODE=4;

class footprint_thread_data_t {
    map<ADDRINT,unsigned int> mem;
    UINT64 block_total[8]; // 8 combinations of load, store, code
  public:
    
    footprint_thread_data_t() {
    }
    
    void load(ADDRINT ea) {
        map<ADDRINT,unsigned int>::iterator it =  mem.find(ea);
        if (it == mem.end()) {
            mem[ea] = FOOTPRINT_LOAD;
        }
        else {
            mem[ea] = it->second | FOOTPRINT_LOAD;
        }
    }
    void store(ADDRINT ea) {
        map<ADDRINT,unsigned int>::iterator it =  mem.find(ea);
        if (it == mem.end()) {
            mem[ea] = FOOTPRINT_STORE;
        }
        else {
            mem[ea] = it->second | FOOTPRINT_STORE;
        }
    }
    void code(ADDRINT ea) {
        map<ADDRINT,unsigned int>::iterator it =  mem.find(ea);
        if (it == mem.end()) {
            mem[ea] = FOOTPRINT_CODE;
        }
        else {
            mem[ea] = it->second | FOOTPRINT_CODE;
        }
    }
    void summary(std::ofstream* out) {
        /*
          1 = load
          2 = store
          4 = code
          3 = load+store
          5 = load+code
          6 = store+code
          7 = load+store+code
          0 = nothing - error
         */
        const char* header[] = {
            /*0*/ "error",
            /*1*/ "load",
            /*2*/ "store",
            /*3*/ "load+store",
            /*4*/ "code",
            /*5*/ "load+code",
            /*6*/ "store+code",
            /*7*/ "load+store+code"
        };

        for(unsigned int i=0;i<8;i++)
            block_total[i] = 0;

        map<ADDRINT,unsigned int>::iterator it =  mem.begin();
        for( ; it != mem.end() ; it++ ) {
            block_total[it->second]++;
        }

        for(unsigned int i=0;i<8;i++) {
            *out << std::setw(30) << header[i] << "  "  << std::setw(12) << block_total[i] << endl;
        }
    }

    void update_totals(UINT64* out_total) {
        for(unsigned int i=0;i<8;i++)
            out_total[i] += block_total[i];
    }
};

class footprint_t 
{
    KNOB<string> knob_output_file;
    std::ofstream* out;
    TLS_KEY tls_key;
    unsigned int num_threads;
    static const unsigned int chunk_size = 16;
    footprint_thread_data_t* get_tls(THREADID tid)    {
        footprint_thread_data_t* tdata = 
            static_cast<footprint_thread_data_t*>(PIN_GetThreadData(tls_key, tid));
        return tdata;
    }

    void summary() {
        UINT64 block_total[8];
        for(unsigned int j=0;j<8;j++) 
            block_total[j] = 0;
        for(unsigned int i=0;i<num_threads;i++) {
            footprint_thread_data_t* tdata = get_tls(i);
            *out << "# FINI TID " << i << endl;
            tdata->summary(out);
            tdata->update_totals(block_total);
        }

        *out << "# FINI GLOBAL SUMMARY" << endl;
        const char* header[] = {
            /*0*/ "error",
            /*1*/ "load",
            /*2*/ "store",
            /*3*/ "load+store",
            /*4*/ "code",
            /*5*/ "load+code",
            /*6*/ "store+code",
            /*7*/ "load+store+code"
        };

        for(unsigned int i=0;i<8;i++) {
            *out << std::setw(30) << header[i] << "  "  << std::setw(12) << block_total[i] << endl;
        }

    }

  public:


    footprint_t()
        :  knob_output_file(KNOB_MODE_WRITEONCE, "pintool",
                            "o", "footprint.out", "specify output file name")  {
        num_threads = 0;
        string file_name = knob_output_file.Value();
        out = new std::ofstream(file_name.c_str());
    }
    
    void activate() {
        tls_key = PIN_CreateThreadDataKey(0);
        TRACE_AddInstrumentFunction(reinterpret_cast<TRACE_INSTRUMENT_CALLBACK>(instrument_trace), this);
        PIN_AddThreadStartFunction(reinterpret_cast<THREAD_START_CALLBACK>(thread_start), this);
        PIN_AddFiniFunction(reinterpret_cast<FINI_CALLBACK>(fini), this);
    }

    static ADDRINT mask(ADDRINT ea)  {
        const ADDRINT mask = ~static_cast<ADDRINT>(chunk_size-1);
        return ea & mask;
    }

    static void load(footprint_t* xthis, THREADID tid, ADDRINT memea, UINT32 length) {
        ADDRINT start = mask(memea);
        ADDRINT end   = mask(memea+length-1);
        footprint_thread_data_t* tdata = xthis->get_tls(tid);
        for(ADDRINT addr = start ; addr <= end ; addr += chunk_size) {
            tdata->load(addr);
        }
    }
    static void store(footprint_t* xthis, THREADID tid, ADDRINT memea, UINT32 length) {
        ADDRINT start = mask(memea);
        ADDRINT end   = mask(memea+length-1);
        footprint_thread_data_t* tdata = xthis->get_tls(tid);
        for(ADDRINT addr = start ; addr <= end ; addr += chunk_size) {
            tdata->store(addr);
        }
    }
    static void code(footprint_t* xthis, THREADID tid, ADDRINT memea, UINT32 length) {
        ADDRINT start = mask(memea);
        ADDRINT end   = mask(memea+length-1);
        footprint_thread_data_t* tdata = xthis->get_tls(tid);
        for(ADDRINT addr = start ; addr <= end ; addr += chunk_size) {
            tdata->code(addr);
        }
    }

    static void thread_start(THREADID tid, CONTEXT* ctxt, INT32 flags, footprint_t* xthis) {
        footprint_thread_data_t* tdata = new footprint_thread_data_t;
        PIN_SetThreadData(xthis->tls_key, tdata, tid);
        xthis->num_threads++;
    }
    
    void instrument_instruction(INS ins, ADDRINT pc, unsigned int ins_bytes) {
        // instrument the code reference
        INS_InsertCall(ins, IPOINT_BEFORE, (AFUNPTR) code,
                       IARG_PTR, this,
                       IARG_THREAD_ID,
                       IARG_INST_PTR,
                       IARG_UINT32, ins_bytes,
                       IARG_END);

        // instrument the load(s)
        if (INS_IsMemoryRead(ins)) {
            INS_InsertCall(ins, IPOINT_BEFORE, (AFUNPTR) load,
                           IARG_PTR, this,
                           IARG_THREAD_ID,
                           IARG_MEMORYREAD_EA,
                           IARG_MEMORYREAD_SIZE,
                           IARG_END);

        }
        if (INS_HasMemoryRead2(ins)) {
            INS_InsertCall(ins, IPOINT_BEFORE, (AFUNPTR) load,
                           IARG_PTR, this,
                           IARG_THREAD_ID,
                           IARG_MEMORYREAD2_EA,
                           IARG_MEMORYREAD_SIZE,
                           IARG_END);

        }
        // instrument the store
        if (INS_IsMemoryWrite(ins)) {
            INS_InsertCall(ins, IPOINT_BEFORE, (AFUNPTR) store,
                           IARG_PTR, this,
                           IARG_THREAD_ID,
                           IARG_MEMORYWRITE_EA,
                           IARG_MEMORYWRITE_SIZE,
                           IARG_END);

        }

    }

    static void instrument_trace(TRACE trace, footprint_t* xthis) {
        ADDRINT pc = TRACE_Address(trace);
        for (BBL bbl = TRACE_BblHead(trace); BBL_Valid(bbl); bbl = BBL_Next(bbl))    {
            const INS head = BBL_InsHead(bbl);
            if (! INS_Valid(head)) continue;
            for (INS ins = head; INS_Valid(ins); ins = INS_Next(ins)) {
                unsigned int instruction_size = INS_Size(ins);
                xthis->instrument_instruction(ins, pc, instruction_size);
                pc = pc + instruction_size;
            }
        }
    }

    static void fini(int, footprint_t* xthis) {
        *(xthis->out) << "# Chunk size " << xthis->chunk_size << " bytes " << endl;
        xthis->summary();
        *(xthis->out) << "# EOF" << endl;
        xthis->out->close();
    }

    
}; 
